Piaget Stage Theory Essays - Child Development, Cognitive Psychology

Piaget Stage Theory The project is based on Piaget`s stage theory of cognitive development Prediction Based on Piaget`s theory, children during the pre - operational stage have acquired the ability to stand apart and view themselves from another person`s perspective. They are able to describe themselves as different from other children by listing their unique characteristics, especially the fact that their names are different. They develop a more complex understanding of themselves, such as age, name, family etc.. During the same stage children become aware of and use gender as a dimension by which to classify people. Once children become aware of their own sex, they learn to label themselves as boy or girl. Early childhood is the time when children start to learn family values, and become a cooperative part of the family with their own responsibilities. They spend countless hours of play and other activities with their siblings. Although young children may use words reflecting an understanding of time, such as minute, hour, day, or week, they still confuse the concept of time and space. Based on Piaget`s theory, I believe that the interviewed children will know their age, name, gender, and their siblings. I do not expect to know their exact birthday and address because it is still too abstract for them. Furthermore, I do not expect that the background/culture is influencing the children`s answers to my questions. I believe that all four tested children do understand and are able to answer my questions. Methods Interviewing four children from different backgrounds was the method use to assess the children`s cognitive development. The four-year-old identical twin girls were interviewed in the living room of their parents` house. Each girl was interviewed separately. The five-year-old German boy was interviewed by phone, and the six year old Asian - American boy was interviewed at the neighborhood playground. Each interview took approximately 10 minutes. Hanna: 4 years old, female, white, American, has an identically twin sister and a younger sister. Emma: 4 years old, female, white, American, Hanna`s twin. Hanna and Emma are not going to school yet. They are staying with a nanny and their younger sister at home, while both parents are working. Max - Raphael: 5 years old, male, white, German, youngest of three children, parents are divorced, living with mother and older sisters, no contact with father, staying home with mother. Timothy: 6 years old, Asian - American, oldest of two boys, bilingual, living with both parents, going to a private Christian school. Questionnaire: 1. Name: Tell me your name. If child gave only the first name: What is the rest of it? 2. Age: How old are you? If fingers shown: How many does that make? If still no answer, let the child count fingers. 3. Sex/Gender: Are you a boy or a girl? 4. Siblings: Do you have any brothers and / or sisters? What are their names? How old are they? 5. Birthday: When is your birthday? 6. Address: Where are you living? What is your address? Results Hanna and Emma were both able to give me their names immediately. They also knew their age, gender, and they were able to name and give me the age of their sister. However, they did not know their address or birthday. I did not have to tease the answer out bit by bit. They were ready to give me a concrete answer. The answers I got from both were short and specific. Max - Raphael knew his name, age, sex, and was able to name and give the age of his sisters. He, like Hanna and Emma, did not know his address and birthday. Max - Raphael gave me his age, gender, and his sisters' name and age immediately, but I had to ask him about his surname. Timothy could answer every question. His answers were concrete and given readily. I did not have to tease any question out of him. The results support my prediction in most points. All children were able to give me their age, gender, sex, and the name and age of their siblings. I was not too sure if Timothy would be able to give me his correct birthday and address, although he is already attending school. Discussion The study is only based on four pre - operational children but the results show that there are no major differences cross - culturally in the children`s knowledge and experience. The five-year-old German boy knew as much as the four-year-old American girls. The fact that the six year old Asian -

Close Security Prison Essay Example

Close Security Prison Essay Example Close Security Prison Paper Close Security Prison Paper Prison In a close security prison, offenders housed here are an escape/flight risk, they have histories of assaults, and an offender may be held there because of other charges pending for a different law enforcement agency, the offenders in this prison never leave to do anything outside of the prison and they are supervised 24 hrs a day by a correctional officer (State Prisons, 2013). These prisons are usually set up with single cells but have been doubled, they are divided into cell blocks that can be in en building or multiple buildings, they have remote controlled cell doors and every cell has its own plumbing fixtures (sink toilet). The outside of the prison consists of a double fence, armed guards in the watch towers, and sometimes with armed moving patrols, often there is a third fence placed in the middle equipped with lethal electrical voltage. Inmates are permitted release from their cells for work or to Join corrective programs within the prison (De Emailed, 2007). Priorities to be discussed for changes for this prison are: Security Issues, Inmate fatty and needs, staff safety and needs, and public security, as warden my priorities are to strengthen security on outside perimeter as well as Inside the prison, adding more advanced security systems, such as advanced vehicle Interrogation and notification system (AVIAN), this system detects the presence of a person that Is hiding inside of a vehicle the system reads the showplace generated by the heart beating, which links to any surface or object that the body Is In contact with and comes at a reasonable cost. AVIAN has had success In locating Illegal Immigrants and from stopping prisoners from escaping out In trucks or cars leaving from the prison (Avian heartbeat detector, 2004). I will be adding more correctional officers, two more armed guards per tower, laser detection, cameras, electric perimeter and extra lighting (SD state prison to get more officers, security measures, 2011). Security, Inmate safety, staff safety, and public safety, adding more cameras In more areas, adding more correctional officers to keep track of Inmate activity, dally cell heck, dally count checks, Inmate and visitor searches, extensive training for correctional officers and other staff on site of prison to help protect themselves, the prison, the Inmates, and the community, officers all need to carry radios, officers should be In a party of two at all times, social control and times Inmates can socialize with each other, using CATV surveillance will focus on the safety and security of Inmates, prison personnel, and visitors, prison staff should wear body alarms and carrying pepper spray (CATV, 2005), (Groaners, 2011). Priorities to be discussed for changes for this prison are: Security issues, inmate are to strengthen security on outside perimeter as well as inside the prison, adding more advanced security systems, such as advanced vehicle interrogation and notification system (AVIA N), this system detects the presence of a person that is beating, which links to any surface or object that the body is in contact with and comes at a reasonable cost. AVIAN has had success in locating illegal immigrants and from stopping prisoners from escaping out in trucks or cars leaving from the prison Security, Inmate safety, staff safety, and public safety, adding more cameras in more areas, adding more correctional officers to keep track of inmate activity, daily cell checks, daily count checks, inmate and visitor searches, extensive training for prison, the inmates, and the community, officers all need to carry radios, officers should be in a party of two at all times, social control and times inmates can socialize inmates, prison personnel, and visitors, prison staff should wear body alarms and carrying pepper spray (CATV, 2005), (Georgians, 2011).